Thursday, May 31, 2007
Ins and Outs
Filed under:
[UT Southwestern Medical Center]
[The National Science Foundation]
[Notes from Dr. RW]
[TIME]
[Kevin, M.D.]
[press release]
[BBC News]
[MIT Tech Review] (Flashbacks: LifeShirt)
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Thursday, May 31, 2007
The FirmGrip™: No-Touch PICC Line
Filed under: Medicine
, Oncology
, Surgery
Flexicath Ltd., an Israeli company, has obtained FDA clearance to market its version of PICC line (peripherally inserted central catheter) that offers an ability to insert the catheter from inside a specially designed sleeve:
The FirmGrip™ combines a standard catheter enclosed in a polymer sleeve with a special silicone insertion unit to produce a self-contained sterile catheter insertion field.In this model, a soft midterm catheter (20 cm) encased in the compact sterile sleeve is inserted in a simple, efficient manner using Peel-away needle or standard IV canula as port of entry. Having the midterm catheter encased in the sterile sleeve reduces the chance of infection and the need for an external sterile environment. FirmGrip.15 provides physicians the flexibility to leave a soft catheter in place for midterm (up to 29 days) treatment periods.
Advantages
Solution for midterm treatment (up to 29 days)
Reduced risk of infection and touch contamination - Removes risk of glove powder contamination
- Eliminates chance of airborne pathogens accessing the catheter
Reduced insertion time with a simplified procedure
Significantly lower procedure costs, with less staff time for preparation
Safer, more accurate insertion technique
Flexible treatment options
Globes [online]: Flexicath receives FDA approval for first product ...
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Storing Memories In a Petri Dish
Filed under: Neurology
A group of scientists under Dr. Eshel Ben-Jacob at Tel-Aviv University created an experiment that probably demonstrates for the first time the ability of interconnected neurons in vitro to store memories.
From the statement by the American Physical Society:
A new experiment has shown that it's possible to store multiple rudimentary memories in an artificial culture of live neurons. The ability to record information in a manmade network of neurons is a step toward a cyborg-like integration of living material into memory chips. The advance also may help neurologists to understand how our brains learn and store information.Itay Baruchi and Eshel Ben-Jacob of Tel-Aviv University used an array of electrodes to monitor the firing patterns in a network of linked neurons. As previous studies have shown, simply linking the neurons together leads them to spontaneously fire in coordinated patterns. In the study published this month in the journal Physical Review E the researchers found that they could deliberately create additional firing patterns that coexist with the spontaneous patterns. They claim that these new firing patterns essentially represent simple memories stored in the neuron network.
To create a new memory in the neurons, the researchers introduced minute amounts of a chemical stimulant into the culture at a selected location. The stimulant induced a second firing pattern, starting at that location. The new firing pattern in the culture along coexisted with the original pattern. Twenty-four hours later, they injected another round of stimulants at a new location, and a third firing pattern emerged. The three memory patterns persisted, without interfering with each other, for over forty hours.
In addition to producing the first chemically operated neuro-memory chip, the researchers propose that their work implies that chemical stimulation may be crucial to learning and memory formation in living organisms.
Abstract: Towards neuro-memory-chip: Imprinting multiple memories in cultured neural networks ...
Press release: A living memory chip, black holes on the loose, and a clearer picture of ocean currents ...
(hat tip: Engadget)
Also: Tel-Aviv University's magazine has an expose of the work done by university's scientists in the area of bio- and nanotech: TAU Review Spring 2007 (large .pdf file)
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The Road to Molecular Computing
Filed under: Nanomedicine
Here's a link to the latest entry by Michael Berger at Nanowerk's nanoBLOG about the way scientists try to mimic intracellular molecular processes to try to develop biomolecular-based computer systems.
Flashbacks: Computer with DNA Circuits Plays Games; One Day to Go Diagnostic; Nanoactuator, a DNA Switch
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Hacking My Kid's Brain: A Report at Wired
Filed under: in the news...
Mark Woodman, who's 7-year-old son was diagnosed with sensory processing disorder (SPD), has a report in the latest Wired, as well as a blog diary, on the progress that the boy made since undergoing a month-long Sensory Learning Program in Boulder, Colorado.
The program, described on its website:
The Sensory Learning Program is a supra-modal approach to developmental learning that unites three modalities (auditory, visual and vestibular) into one 30-day drug-free intervention to improve perception, understanding, and the ability to learn.Preceding the intervention, a listening profile and visual field measuring photocurrent are taken. These 'perception maps' help provide baselines that are used to customize the Program for the individual child. These evaluations are done throughout the Program to track improvement in sensory regulation.
The Sensory Learning Program is comprised of two 30-minute sessions each day for 12 consecutive days, including weekends and holidays. Each session is an individual sensory experience simultaneously engaging visual, auditory and vestibular systems to work in an integrated way. The repetitive sensory activation of each session builds on the session before.
After twelve days of sessions in the Sensory Learning Center International, the individual returns home with a portable light instrument to continue the program, with a 20-minute session each morning and evening for the next 18 days.
Hacking My Kid's Brain: How a Child's Neurons Were Rewired ...
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Wound Healing Sped Up by Patient's Own Platelets
Filed under: Plastic Surgery
, Surgery
The University of Cincinnati is reporting that a team of clinicians under David Hom, MD, an otolaryngologist, completed a study that demonstrated that a gel containing a patient's own platelets (autologous platelet gel or APG) is more effective in promoting skin wound healing than a control antibiotic ointment:
It is believed to be one of the earliest preliminary studies comparing the effectiveness of APG on skin wounds in healthy humans.Four male and four female volunteers aged 21-58 received five full-thickness skin punch wounds (4 mm diameter) on each thigh. APG was applied topically to the punch sites (one to two times) on one thigh and antibiotic ointment to the other, and the wounds were monitored for six months.
Over a 42-day period, the researchers found that skin wounds treated with APG had a statistically significant increased wound closure compared with the antibiotic-treated sites.
On day 14, the researchers report in the May/June 2007 issue of Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, the APG-treated sites had a closure rate of 73.9 percent, while the control, antibiotic-treated sites closed at 49.6 percent. By day 17, 81.1 percent of the APG-treated sites closed, compared with 57.2 percent of the antibiotic sites.
Clinical analysis of the APG-treated sites also showed increased growth factor levels, which are essential in wound healing.
"Overall, some of the APG-treated wound sites healed two to three days faster," says Hom. "That's a significant amount of time. This may be especially useful for patients who are prone to poor healing, such those with diabetes.
"Accelerating normal wound healing could also improve the quality of life for patients post-op," says Hom. "They may be able to leave the hospital sooner and get back to their regular routines more quickly."
Hom says APG treatment on skin wounds may also help patients who typically heal poorly.
Press release: Patient's Own Platelets May Speed Up Skin Wound Healing ...
Abstract: The Healing Effects of Autologous Platelet Gel on Acute Human Skin Wounds
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New Website Set to Tackle Childhood Obesity
Filed under: Net News
, Pediatrics
A new website from the World Cancer Research Fund aims to bring obesity fighting cartoon characters to the hungry eyes of kids:
The World Cancer Research Fund hopes that by using the health conscious characters on its new website it can encourage better eating and a more active lifestyle among its target audience of four to seven-year-olds.Competitions, puzzles and stories aim to encourage children to learn more about food.
The site, launched this month, introduces children to a new world of fruit and vegetables they may not have tried before and encourages them to cook with them and even to grow them.
BBC: Cartoon characters to curb obesity
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Wednesday, May 30, 2007
Studying One Molecule at a Time
Filed under: Nanomedicine
An innovative nano-sized vesicle encapsulation of single biomolecules (an in singulo technique of studying biomolecular behavior) is being reported by a group under Dr. Taekjip Ha at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign:
In a Howard Hughes Medical Institute laboratory in Illinois, a new kind of "test tube," one-thousandth the diameter of a human hair and small enough to hold only a few molecules of DNA, is revolutionizing the way researchers observe the behavior of single molecules of DNA, RNA, or proteins. The test tubes are actually bubble-like nanocontainers that are porous to small molecules. Researchers can easily feed needed ions and other chemicals into the ultra-tiny reaction chambers.Many scientists say that more can be learned about the dynamics of chemical reactions that power biological processes by studying the behavior of individual molecules rather than observing the collective behavior of many molecules, as scientists do now. But techniques for single-molecule studies are limited and often highly specialized. The new nanocontainers, however, will make single-molecule techniques both more accessible and more powerful, said Taekjip Ha, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ha and his Illinois colleagues are the creative force behind the new technology...
"This technique enables study at the single-molecule level of any complex interactions between DNA, RNA and proteins that can be modulated by small molecules," Ha explained. "These include how cancer drugs interfere with reactions central to the growth of tumors, and the mechanism by which motor proteins enable movement of molecules within the cell. It may even be possible to use this approach for ultrasensitive high-throughput screening of candidate drugs that can inhibit specific interactions between proteins."
The researchers say their technique can be easily applied in other laboratories, to enable scientists to study individual molecular reactions free of the complications of analyzing reactions in bulk solution. The new approach also improves on other methods used for observing the behavior of single molecules. One of the most common methods required that single molecules be tethered to a surface. With nanocontainers, however, the vesicles themselves are attached to a surface, meaning the molecules inside do not have to be. This simplifies analysis, because the effects of the surface on the reaction do not have to be taken into account, the researchers said.
The researchers published their advance during the week of May 21, 2007, in the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences...
As a demonstration of the technique, Ha, Cisse, and their colleagues analyzed how a protein called RecA attaches to DNA to form filaments. RecA is a major component of a mechanism for repairing abnormal DNA, and filament formation is central to the repair process. The researchers trapped RecA and a DNA labeled with fluorescent dye molecules inside porous nanocontainers. They then infused ATP into the nanocontainers, and observed in detail how the ATP triggered RecA proteins to interact with DNA to uncoil the DNA to form filaments.
An expert in single-molecule study, Ha is particularly excited about this advance because of its broad applicability and ease of use. "I think this technique will go a long way toward my goal of commoditization of in singulo techniques, getting them out of specialists' labs to the general research community," he noted.
"The convenient thing about this technique is that it is a self-assembly process," Cisse explained. "A researcher need only select the protein, DNA or other biomolecule they want to study, adjust the conditions for lipid encapsulation, and the vesicles will self-assemble, trapping the number of molecules they wish. We have provided information on how to design those conditions." According to Cisse, the major drawback to the technique is that the pore size cannot be precisely controlled, but he and his colleagues are experimenting with bacterial toxin that introduces pores of a precise size into the nanocontainer membrane.
Press release: Researchers Create Molecule-Sized Test Tubes ...
Single Molecule Biophysics Group at UIUC...
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Transforming the Psychiatrist's Office
Filed under: Psychiatry
MIT Tech Review has an interesting article on where everyone's favorite specialty is headed in the future. The article features technologies that are well known around here: Neurostar System by Neuronetics, a transcranial magnetic stimulation device, and Aspect Medical Systems' BIS Monitor, that is undergoing a clinical trial to determine the device's efficacy in detecting antidepressant response.
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How to Grow Glass Nanotubes, Naturally
Filed under: Nanomedicine
Scientists from France have stumbled upon an interesting, almost spontaneous process to create silica nanotubes.
From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique announcement:
The vertebral skeleton is probably the most remarkable example of the efficiency of living organisms in forming robust structures which closely combine organic and mineral materials, in this case calcium phosphate. However, in the submarine environment, numerous and frequently single-cell organisms can achieve similar exploits by using silica to produce carapaces and spines to protect themselves, or spicules that are fibers which direct light to their neurons as effectively as the best optical fibers. With a complex architecture and shape, these natural structures are even more astonishing in that they develop spontaneously in water under moderate conditions of temperature and pressure, according to mechanisms which are still largely unknown. This feat is a dream for chemists who are often obliged to heat, extrude or compress materials under aggressive conditions in order to endow them with a shape.In the context of their studies on the physical chemistry of a therapeutic peptide, lanreotide, researchers from CNRS and the University of Rennes have discovered that this peptide could serve as a scaffold for the spontaneous formation of silica nanotubes by simple mixing with a silica precursor in water. These hybrid tubes consist in a perfect helical assembly of molecules of the drug in a 24 nm diameter tube, the internal and external surfaces of which are covered with two thin and uniform layers of 2 nm silica. The tubes are several micrometers long and aligned in fibers of a few millimeters. Their organization is thus controlled hierarchically over more than 6 orders of magnitude, or the same ratio in length as the diameter of a hair and the height of the Eiffel Tower.
To achieve this detailed study, the team of scientists (including physicists, biologists and chemists) developed a slow technique which enabled the coating with silica of nanotubes of biological molecules forming in water. They were surprised to observe that the silica deposit favored the gradual lengthening of the organic nanotube, the new tip of which could then serve again as a scaffold for further silica deposits. This recurrent process ensured both control of the organization at a molecular scale and the growth of an organic scaffold as the mineral was deposited. This process is astonishingly similar to the construction of a sky-scraper, during which assembly of the metallic framework and the application of concrete are alternated with precision, except that there are no laborers and that the silica nanotubes are infinitely smaller.
Press release: A scaffold of biological molecules to manufacture glass nanotubes ...
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Ins and Outs
Filed under:
[FDA]
[CDC]
[NY Times]
[WSJ]
[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]
[Kevin, M.D.]
[Dana-Farber Cancer Institute]
[Reuters]
[WaPo]
[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]
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Tuesday, May 29, 2007
Robotic Cerebellum Aims to Increase Robo-Coordination
Filed under: etc.
In the never-ending quest to develop the Terminator, scientists at the University of Granada [not to be confused with El Granada, CA -ed] are trying to develop a cerebellum-like structure for robots. The device would have neuronal-like circuitry that could coordinate fine motor movements and maintain balance under dynamic conditions. This would allow robots to move around easier and be able to interact safely with humans.
They strangely claim that the development of the device might provide insight into Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Alzheimer's has little to nothing to do with the cerebellum, and Parkinson's is a disease of the basal ganglia that affects movement initiation (the cerebellum controls coordination and fine-motor movements). We'll just have to see what they come up with.
The researchers also stated that robotic skin, which is next in line for development, could be used in conjunction with the device to provide input from all surfaces of the robot. The recent progress in robotics has some people alarmed. The BBC had this to say about it:
The fast pace of current robotics research has prompted deeper questions about how androids would be integrated into human society.Some have called for a code of ethics for robots while others question how humans will cope in the face of machine intelligence.
As of right now humans seem to be in more of a need for a code of ethics than robots.
Read about the research here...
(Hat tip: Engadget)
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Med Students Entertain in Diagnosis Wenckebach
Filed under: not funny
For those wondering what med students do while huddled away in the library.
(Hat tip: Kevin MD)
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The Mobile Internet: Your Car Could Save a Life
Filed under: Emergency Medicine
The Henry Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA is doing some breakthrough work with mobile WiFi. Their goal is to make a "node" out of every car on the road, which communicates with the car next to it and so on, to make a moving and dynamic internet. The technology could have a huge impact on traffic, accidents, and most importantly emergency responders. Here is a piece from the press release:
While similar to a wireless local area network (WLAN), a mobile network has to perform tasks far more complicated than connecting one wireless computer to another - it must be able to distinguish between multiple moving vehicles (nodes), determine the signal strength emanating from each one, gauge its speed, who might have priority, such as a police car or fire engine, and what kind of data is being exchanged, like voice, data or video - all at the same time.The benefits of this type of network are broad, Gerla said. Day-to-day driving could be safer and more convenient - on crowded freeways in Southern California, accidents could be prevented if drivers have access to pertinent, real-time information about collisions or changes in traffic patterns ahead.
Importantly, the technology could also provide life-saving communications between emergency personnel. During Hurricane Katrina and the attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, communication infrastructures were destroyed and first responders were unable to communicate. A mobile vehicle network could provide an essential lifeline for emergency personnel and others to stay connected when all other networks fail.
For this reason, it is expected that the first mobile networks will be implemented in emergency response vehicles such as police cars, ambulances and hazardous materials response units.
Hopefully the increased incidence of people watching YouTube in their cars won't increase the number of accidents.
Read the press release here...
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Smelling Phone Looks to be a Stinker
Filed under: etc.
What you're looking at is a phone concept that can also detect what kind of food you're eating with its 'eNose.'
The key selling feature is that the phone is supposed to keep track of your food intake by electronically "smelling" what you eat. The aim is to help people who are trying to eat healthy. If you have the bad habit of eating with your eyes closed, this product could be for you.
Are phones even used to call people anymore?
It shouldn't be too hard to get future versions to be used to identify people as well. That way you can find out whose cologne it was you found on your girlfriend's blouse and track him down! Although he'd probably see you coming if you were swinging this fluorescent green nerf-like football of a phone around.
Link...
(Hat tip: Gizmodo)
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Glowing Caps Raise Compliance, Send Coupons
Filed under: in the news...
As we get older, our senses begin to dull. At the same time the amount of medication we need grows exponentially, and it can get a little complicated to manage. So why not make it "easier" with Vitality's Glowcap product?
The caps glow when you need to take your pills. Now, unless I'm keeping my pills in a dark room and my vision doesn't go to hell by the time I'm 80, I think a pill cap that shouts at me rather rudely would be a little more helpful. Luckily, the pill cap also emails you every time you need to take a pill, and also sends you a monthly report in the mail on how you did. Included with the mail report are some coupons apparently. Maybe they should send some bingo cards as well.
We can't say much on what we think of the product, since we haven't tried it and the website is a little vague, so you'll have to decide whether a glowing coupon-sending pill bottle cap is for you.
Check out the website here...
(Hat Tip: Endgadget)
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Cloaca Distills the Essense of Modern Art
Filed under: Art
If you've always secretly thought modern art is just a pile of crap, well, you're finally right. This year's Ars Electronica competition featured Cloaca, which received an Award of Distinction in the Hybrid Art category:
Wim Delvoye's Cloaca is a complex installation that simulates the human digestive process. The machine is fed with everyday foodstuffs. The mechanically produced end product is--even under scientific examination--impossible to differentiate from human excrement.
We're not sure how rigorously this 'scientific examination' was conducted -- but then again, sometimes it's just better to take the artist's word for it. Wikipedia has an entry on artist Wim Delvoye, and links to an informative interview with him about Cloaca -- which answers the questions -- "what if you feed it chili?" and "who buys this crap?"
We also like how Cloaca's website blends elements from the logos of Coca-Cola, Ford, Mr. Clean, Arm & Hammer, and how artist Wim Delvoye borrows from Disney and Warner Brothers...
All the different installations of Cloaca...
Via Regine at We-Make-Money-Not-Art
One NSFW "output" image, after the jump:
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Monday, May 28, 2007
On This Day...
Filed under:
Medgadget would like to extend its gratitude to the U.S. armed forces on this Memorial Day, and, of course, particularly to the medics that make things better.
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Friday, May 25, 2007
Vagal BLocking for Obesity Control
Filed under: Surgery
EnteroMedics Inc., a Saint Paul, Minnesota medical device company, has announced on Friday it is planning an IPO "of as much as $86.25 million in common stock," reports Reuters. The company is developing a vagal nerve modulation device thought to be effective for the treatment of obesity.
Here's what we know about the therapy:
VBLOC is a multi-mechanism therapy delivered through laparoscopically implanted leads to intermittently block vagal nerve trunks. High frequency, low energy electrical impulses are delivered by an implantable system to block the messages conveyed through the vagal nerves.VBLOC is an acronym for Vagal BLocking for Obesity Control...
Before the availability of proton pump inhibitors (drugs that reduce the amount of gastric acid released into the stomach for persons with ulcers), surgeons routinely cut the vagus nerves near the stomach to treat ulcers. This procedure is called a "vagotomy." For a period of time following surgery, many of the people who underwent this procedure absorbed fewer calories from fat, lost weight and had decreased appetite.
Since the nervous system is adept at accommodating the complete loss of the information provided by nerves, such as the vagal nerves, VBLOC Therapy has been designed to provide intermittent blocking. This intermittent blocking effect is intended to assure that normal signals from the vagal nerves continue to be sensed.
Vagal blocking (VBLOC Therapy), using very high frequency but low energy electrical pulses is under clinical investigation for its ability to regulate or reverse some of the effects of the intact vagus nerve and replicate some of the effects of vagotomy. With VBLOC, the function of the vagus nerves may be regulated without being severed.
More details at EnteroMedics' homepage...
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