Archives: 12/2008

tomotomography Colon Cancer and Osteoporosis...Whats The Link?Although there may be more than one link between osteoporosis and colon cancer, the newest association is that CT Colonography can screen for both diseases at the same time. From the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 2008 conference a study presented by lead author Rizwan Aslam, M.B.Ch.B., assistant clinical professor of radiology at the University of California San Francisco, describes how a data set obtained for CT Colonography can be analyzed (by a different software reconstruction program) to evaluate bone density of the spine. And it turns out the results are very comparable to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scores.
From the press release:

In the study conducted at the San Francisco Veterans Administration Hospital, the researchers evaluated the results of 35 patients who underwent CT colonography and bone mineral density testing with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), a standard bone density screening tool. Patients included 30 males and five females ranging in age from 54 to 79.
The results of the study showed excellent agreement between the DEXA bone mineral density scores and the data generated through the CT colonography study. “The bone density measurements obtained from CT colonography were comparable to the DEXA results,” Dr. Aslam said. “Both tests identified osteoporotic bones.”
Most physicians recommend that adults undergo CT colonography or conventional colonoscopy every seven to 10 years beginning at age 50. “CT colonography isn’t a replacement for DEXA testing, but it could be a way to screen more people for osteoporosis,” Dr. Aslam said. “When an individual undergoes CT colonography, we can also obtain a bone density measurement with no additional radiation and at minimal cost.”
According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 10 million Americans over age 50 have osteoporosis. Approximately 34 million Americans are at risk due to low bone mass. Detecting osteoporosis early provides for early intervention and treatment.

RSNA press release: CT Colonography Offers One-Stop Screening for Cancer and Osteoporosis (From All press releases RSNA 2008) (Page 3)

Here’s an interesting report from WFMY News about research coming from the University of Chicago Hospitals where scientists are developing a mobile, wireless EEG system that can detect oncoming seizures.


Link to WFMY…

xray and patient photo Radiologists Making an About FaceAs you could have seen from the many articles this year’s RSNA conference has generated on this blog, radiology is definitely on the leading-edge in many areas of medical diagnostics and therapeutics. So why the “About-Face”?
Well, it’s just another interesting approach presented at RSNA 2008. Dr. Yehonatan N. Turner, M.D., radiology resident at Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, Israel, has found that adding a patient’s photo to a diagnostic study not only adds valuable information about the patient’s condition, but may result in a more meticulous evaluation.

For the study, 318 patients referred for CT agreed to be photographed prior to the exam. The images of the patients were added to their files in the hospital’s picture archiving and communication system (PACS), a network for storage and retrieval of medical images. The photograph appeared automatically when a patient’s file was opened.
After interpreting the results of the exams, 15 radiologists were given questionnaires to gather data about their experience. All 15 radiologists admitted feeling more empathy towards the patients after viewing their photos. In addition, the photographs revealed medical information such as suffering or physical signs of disease.
More importantly, the results showed that radiologists provided a more meticulous reading of medical image results when a photo of the patient accompanied the file.
Incidental findings are unexpected abnormalities found on an image that may have health implications beyond the scope of the original exam. In order to assess the effect of the photographs on interpretation, 81 examinations with incidental findings were shown in a blinded fashion to the same radiologists three months later but without the photos. Approximately 80 percent of the radiologic incidental findings reported originally were not reported when the photograph was omitted from the file.
The radiologists involved in the study commented that while the addition of the photo did not lengthen the time spent reading, it was a factor in how meticulously they interpreted the images. All 15 radiologists agreed that the inclusion of a photograph in a patient’s file should be adopted into routine practice. The photos can also be included in long-distance teleradiology practices.
“The photos were very helpful both in terms of improving diagnosis and the physicians’ own feelings as caregivers,” Dr. Turner said. “Down the road, we would like to see photos added to all radiology case files.”

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) press release: Patient Photos Spur Radiologist Empathy and Eye for Detail (From All press releases RSNA 2008; Page 21 .Pdf)

bio seeq Bio Seeq System IDs Microbes with LATE PCRSmiths Detection, part of Smiths Group, plc, is developing a portable pathogen identification system based on technology called LATE PCR (Linear After The Exponential Polymerase Chain Reaction).
From The Engineer Online:

It is based on a special type of polymerised chain reaction, a process for analysing nucleic acids and DNA. The version Smiths uses amplifies just one side of the DNA double helix, producing a single-strand product. This has significant advantages, principally that it can easily have parallel tests carried out so more characteristics can be examined.
The platform comes in three parts. The main instrument that carries out the analysis sits on a desk. A consumable called a sample preparation unit (SPU) receives any sample type using a universal preparation method. The third component is an assay-specific reagent pack, which contains the various chemicals to detect the specific organism.
‘The user takes an SPU, adds the reagents to turn it into a specific assay, puts the lid down to seal the sample in, then places it on the machine which can read a unique barcode and automatically carry out the analysis,’ said Lewington. The barcode contains all the information about the sample, the method of how to run the test, and the analytical procedure to carry out.

More from The Engineer…
Technology page: LATE-PCR…
Press release: Smiths Detection Develops Diagnostic Platform for Infectious Diseases …
Device info page: Bio-Seeq Clinical Instrument …
LATE PCR project page at Brandeis University…

smartbolts SmartBolts Help Avoid Tightening Errors
Stress Indicators, Inc., a Bethesda, Maryland company, has developed specialty mechanical bolts that feature built-in pressure sensors that display colors based on how well a bolt has been tightened. For now only indicated for the construction trade, we envision orthopedic and neuro surgeons may soon see these in the operating theater.
From the company’s technology page:
smartbolts2 SmartBolts Help Avoid Tightening Errors

Operation of Stress Indicator’s DTI SmartBolts® is based upon the response of an optical microindicator element to the deflection of one internal portion of a fastener relative to another as the fastener elongates under tensile loading. This miniscule relative movement is transformed by patented DTI optical microindicators into a dramatic and reproducible color change.
The DTI MicroIndicator is an incredibly simple device that performs a rather sophisticated function. The microindicator is actually a miniaturized optical absorptance cell or variable-density filter that reproducibly changes its spectral transmittance as the cell thickness is varied. A brightly colored indicating area is placed at the rear wall of the cell and a fraction of a drop of an optically dense fluid, which strongly absorbs the spectral color of the indicator area, is contained in a hermetically sealed envelope between the indicator area and the clear window. Ambient light passing through the window is selectively absorbed by the filter cell, and is selectively reflected by the indicator area to pass once again through the cell and window to the observer.
Indicator Sensitivity may be precisely controlled by adjusting the composition of the indicator fluid and the mechanical arrangement of the different grades. Apart from sensitivity considerations, the operating concept is similar for all grades: when the tensile load is applied to the fastener, the relative deflection is mechanically coupled to the microindicator and the reflected brightness or color of the indicator will exhibit a dramatic and sensitive change as a direct function of bolt tension.

SmartBolts product page
Press release: Stress Indicators Shows at SMARTPROC 08 …
(hat tip: Red Ferret Journal)

baby taking polio vaccine Predicting Effectiveness of Vaccine ImmunizationsA multidisciplinary group of researchers created a new methodology that can identify the effectiveness of vaccine immunity, based on a genetic makeup of a person receiving the vaccine. The research was conducted by scientists from the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center at Emory University, the Center for Operations Research in Medicine and Healthcare at Georgia Tech, and the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle.
From a Georgia Tech press release:

The researchers used YF-17D [yellow fever vaccine YF-17D was a model in the research --ed.], to predict the body’s ability shortly after immunization to stimulate a strong and enduring immunity. Researchers vaccinated 15 healthy individuals with YF-17D and studied the T cell and antibody responses in their blood. There was a striking variation in these responses between individuals. Analysis of gene expression patterns in white blood cells revealed in the majority of the individuals the vaccine induced a network of genes involved in the early innate immune response against viruses.
A major challenge in the study involved the identification of discriminatory gene signatures—among over 50,000 genes—that can predict the responses of T cells and antibodies. Lee has developed powerful modeling, computational feature selection and predictive tools that overcome shortcomings of existing techniques, which often have limited ability to handle data sets involving heterogeneous, large-scale, ill-separated and mixed biological and medical data. Her approach offers a very robust classification framework that effectively handles such data sets and derives a classifier that often provides higher prediction accuracy and lower misclassification errors than classifiers derived from other methods.
"Using such a bioinformatics approach, we were able to identify distinct gene signatures that correlated with the T cell response and the antibody response induced by the vaccine,” says Pulendran. “To determine whether these gene signatures could predict immune response, we vaccinated a second group of individuals and were able to predict with up to 90 percent accuracy which of the vaccinated individuals would develop a strong T or B cell immunity to yellow fever,” continues Pulendran.

Press release: Researchers discover strategy for predicting the immunity of vaccines…

rudely interrupted Rock Band with Disabilities Plays at UN
Last Wednesday, the United Nations held its annual International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The event was headlined by Rudely Interrupted, an Australian band of misfits sporting disabilities like blindness, deafness(!), Asperger and Down syndromes, and autism. Surprisingly, the combination can do wonders for music, and Red Eye, the late night Fox News comedy show, sent their own dysfunctional reporter to speak to the band.


And here’s a music video for the band’s song Don’t Break My Heart:

Rudely Interrupted homepage

chip on a pill Chip on a Pill, and Other Micro Electro Medical Devices
Proteus Biomedical, a biomedical technology company out of Redwood City, California, has been selected as one of this year’s World Technology Forum’s Technology Pioneers. The company develops MEMSelectro coil Chip on a Pill, and Other Micro Electro Medical Devices (microfabricated, multicomponent electronic components) devices for medical applications, small enough to be attached to pills to be used as “ingestible event markers”, as well as potential permanently embedded blood glucose monitoring chips. Back in March, we had a post about this company’s technology.
A statement by the company:

“Proteus has developed a unique approach to personalizing therapy,” said Andrew Thompson, Proteus CEO and co-founder. “We embed micro-sensors into existing drugs and devices, which transmit information, securely, to a person’s cell phone via the Internet. A person can understand how their body is responding to their therapy, and, if they choose, share this information with a family member, physician or friend to help them stay healthy. We are delighted that the World Economic Forum has recognized the immense potential of this approach and look forward to actively participating in their programs.”

Check out this video interview with Andrew Thompson:


Proteus Biomedical, Inc. …
Press release: Proteus Biomedical Honored by World Economic Forum …
More from SFgate.com: 5 Bay Area firms named 2009 Technology Pioneers…
Flashback: NextGen Pharmaceuticals: Pills That Talk, Sensors That Listen

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) involves psychotherapeutic techniques to influence problematic and dysfunctional behaviors, emotions and thoughts through a systematic, and goal-oriented procedure. It is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviors, not external things, like people, situations, and events. The CBT therapy is designed to be short-term in nature.
Dr Chris Williams, a Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist at the University of Glasgow has developed a computer-based self-help treatment program that targets anxiety, depression and bulimia. National Health Scotland (and Greater Glasgow and Clyde) has provided support for this free web-based initiative, so no more excuses about not being able to afford the money or time.
43645ful Living Life To The Full...helping you to help yourself

Why Life Skills?
ImageDistress, low mood and worry are the major mental health problems of the 21st Century and affect more than one in three of us at some time. Treatments are mainly either with antidepressant medication or are psychological (the so-called “talking therapies”).
Psychological treatments are popular and approaches such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) have been shown to be effective however access to specialist therapy services is often limited. There is a need to develop new ways of accessing these psychological treatments that are effective and easily available. The Living Life to the Full course aims to provide easy access to CBT skills – and does so in a way that cuts through jargon. By empowering users to understand why they feel as they do, and to learn new ways of improving how they feel the course aims to provide ready access to key information. The course is based on “Helping people to help themselves”. A crucial element is to inform, educate and teach key life skills. The course is supported by a series of CBT self-help workbooks that can be used between the e-learning sessions. They encourage the reader to put what they are learning into practice, and to stop, think and reflect on what is being learned.
Self-help materials are increasingly available and are popular with the general public and health care practitioners. Any good bookshop is likely to have a significantly sized self-help section. Self-help books are often amongst the top ten best-selling books. In America and Great Britain, a number of self-help materials have been assessed and been shown to be effective. A review of 40 self-help studies from 1974 to 1990 identified that some types of problem such as anxiety and depression are more likely to be amenable to change than others (Gould and Clum, 1993).
The Living Life to the Full course uses this popular self-help format, and also the CBT model which has a proven effectiveness in helping people develop life skills that help them tackle feelings of low mood, stress and distress.

More from Living Life To The Full