Archives: 9/2006

1342312ee1 Hoana PSA™ TechnologyHoana Medical, Inc, a Honolulu, Hawaii company that developed a wireless medical monitoring system which tracks a patient’s vital signs, has also been acknowledged by the Wall Street Journal’s Technology Innovation Awards.
Company’s technology is not only wireless but is also somewhat sneaky:

Hoana’s PSA™ [Passive Sensor Array -ed.] technology accurately measures basic physiology (e.g. heart rate, respiration) passively, without the use of electrodes, leads, cuffs or canula. Field-testing of the initial prototype demonstrated accurate, safe, reliable and convenient measurements of heart and respiration rates, (as compared to conventional measurement methods) including tests under severe conditions, such as the high noise and vibration environment of US Army Medevac helicopters.
1342312ee2 Hoana PSA™ TechnologyHoana’s PSA™ technology integrates proprietary signal processing algorithms with a family of patented pad-like data collection devices, which produce an electrical signal in response to physiological stimuli. Hoana’s PSA™ technology passively measures patient information as the patient lies or sits upon these collection devices providing accurate measurements even through clothing, gowns or sheets.

The firm’s system is primarily composed of a passive sensor array (under the sheet but just above the stashes of under-the-mattress cash) and a bedside monitoring unit, both illustrated above.
Company’s website with video…

654543ee Zargis Acoustic Cardioscan™
Cardioscan™, an “intelligent stethoscope” that records and analyzes cardiac sounds, a Zargis Medical device, was just recognized by the Wall Street Journal’s Technology Innovation Awards.
Here’s how the company explains its product:

Zargis has developed Cardioscan, the first and only computer-aided medical device to support physicians in analyzing heart sounds for the identification of suspected murmurs, a potential sign of heart disease. Cardioscan is easy to use, non-invasive, portable, and takes just minutes to perform. Developed by biomedical scientists from Siemens and Zargis over the past seven years, Cardioscan implements voice-guided protocol and graphical user interface while maintaining an efficient physician workflow. The system provides a summary of findings in terms that are readily understood by physicians with more quantitative auscultatory information than is possible through listening alone. Thus, Cardioscan enhances auscultation which has been universally employed through a stethoscope for nearly two hundred years…
The product acquires, records, and analyzes the acoustic signals of the heart. The analysis identifies specific heart sounds that may be present. Identified sounds include, S1, S2 and suspected murmurs.
The results from a multi-center clinical validation study demonstrated that Cardioscan possessed a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 68.0% in the detection of heart murmurs.

Product page

23431dd Fast Freezing Nematodes for Synaptic ResearchResearchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago led by Janet Richmond, professor of biological sciences, have found a better way to observe what happens with synaptic proteins in nematode worms.

Several proteins that have been shown to be major players in synaptic transmission have now been studied using a flash-freeze physical-fixation technique that reveals new details of their location and function in neuromuscular synapses. The technique was used with tiny, one-millimeter-long nematode worms, a lab animal widely studied by neuroscientists.
The technique described in the new study, high-pressure freeze electron microscopy and immuno-gold staining, now provides an accurate picture of where these synaptic proteins cluster — information previously unknown to scientists.
The conventional technique is to use gluteraldhyde fixation, which takes seconds or minutes to complete — unlike the fraction of a second when using the high-pressure freeze method. What’s more, during gluteraldhyde fixation the nematodes writhe around, releasing neurotransmitters while cells become dehydrated, causing synaptic components to get misplaced and synapses to take on a wrinkly appearance.
While slow freezing can create ice crystals that tear cell structures apart, the high-pressure technique, using liquid nitrogen to flash-freeze at minus-180 degrees Celsius, makes ice appear like liquid glass and devoid of destructive crystals.
Cross-sections taken of synapses reveal that membrane packets, or vesicles, of neurotransmitter localize in places scientists have never before seen.

The formation of ice crystals is the primary reason cryogenic freezing is viewed as impractical now. Maybe a massively scaled up version of this technology would allow Futurama to become reality.
More from the UIC press release and the abstract at the Journal of Neuroscience

insorb The Wall Street Journals 2006 Technology Innovation AwardsThe Wall Street Journal’s 2006 Technology Innovation Awards have just been announced. Here are the winners in the medical devices category, with links to our posts covering these medgadgets. Those devices that have not been covered before, we will cover very shortly.

  • Winner-Incisive Surgical (U.S.): Mechanical skin stapler which uses absorbable skin staples to close wounds after surgery
  • Runner-Up-CardioMag Imaging (U.S.): MagnetoCardioGraph that displays magnetic “heart print,” enabling cardiologists to evaluate heart function
  • Runner-Up-Siemens AG (Germany): Dual-source computed tomography system
  • Runner-Up-Zargis Medical (U.S.): An “intelligent stethoscope” that records and analyzes heart sounds.
  • Runner-Up-NxStage Medical (U.S.): Portable hemodialysis system that is usable in the home
  • Runner-Up-Hoana Medical (U.S.): Wireless medical vigilance system that tracks a patient’s physiological signs
  • Runner-Up-Medivance (U.S.): Arctic Sun, a surface cooling method for inducing therapeutic hypothermia for critically ill patients
  • Runner-Up-Smith & Nephew Wound Management (U.S./U.K.): Water-powered scalpel called Versajet
  • Runner-Up-Smith & Nephew Endoscopy (U.S./U.K.): The Calaxo screw, made from polylactide carbonate, which stimulates bone growth
  • Runner-Up-University of Illinois at Chicago-Dr. Fady T. Charbel (U.S.): Technology that measures the volume of blood flow, allowing doctors to decide whether surgery or drug therapy is the best treatment
  • Congratulations to all the winners!
    The awards page

    8767819siev The Molecular Sieve to Sort Proteins
    A group of MIT engineers have designed a molecular sieve that has nanopores of a specified size, for possible protein sorting:

    The key to the molecular sieve, which is made using microfabrication technology, is the uniform size of the nanopores through which proteins are separated from biological fluids. Millions of pores can be spread across a microchip the size of a thumbnail.
    The sieve makes it possible to screen proteins by specific size and shape.
    In contrast, the current technique used for separating proteins, gel electrophoresis, is time-consuming and less predictable. Pore sizes in the gels vary, and the process itself is not well understood by scientists…
    The sieving process is based on a theoretical model known as the Ogston sieving mechanism. In the model, proteins move through deep and shallow regions that act together to form energy barriers. These barriers separate proteins by size. The smaller proteins go through more quickly, followed by increasingly larger proteins, with the largest passing through last.
    Once the proteins are separated, scientists can isolate and capture the proteins of interest. These include the “biomarker” proteins that are present when the body has a disease. By studying changes in these biomarkers, researchers can identify disease early on, even before symptoms show up, and potentially develop new treatments.
    To date, the Ogston sieving model has been used to explain gel electrophoresis, even though no one has been able to unequivocally confirm this model in gel-based experiments. The MIT researchers were, however, able to confirm Ogston sieving in the nanopore sieves.
    “This is the first time anyone was able to experimentally confirm this theoretical idea behind molecular sieving, which has been used for more than 50 years,” Han said. “We can precisely control the pore size, so we can do better engineering. We can change the pore shape and engineer a better separation system.” The sieve structure is based on work Han did earlier at Cornell University with large strands of DNA.
    The performance of the researchers’ current one-dimensional sieves matches the state-of-the-art speed of one-dimensional gels, but Han said the sieve’s performance can be improved greatly.
    “This device can replace gels and give us an ideal physical platform to investigate Ogston sieving,” Fu said. The new sieves also potentially could be used to replace 2D gels in the process of discovering disease biomarkers, as well as to learn more about disease.

    Image: Nanoscale molecular sieve: thousands of alternating deep (300 nanometers or billionths of a meter) and shallow (55 nanometers) regions; the deep and shallow regions act together to form energy barriers that separate proteins by size. Pores of different sizes can be engineered for different filters to capture specific proteins.
    Link

    mre logo sm MR Elastography for Liver FibrosisMagnetic resonance elastography has been talked about for a while (1). Now, thanks to research from Mayo Clinic, it might finally offer a clinical opportunity. The question was raised whether it can diagnose liver fibrosis, so patients can avoid a percutaneous or an open liver biopsy:

    Traditionally, liver fibrosis is usually diagnosed using needle biopsies, which can involve complications and may be inaccurate due to sampling errors. The new technology promises to provide an accurate, painless, and lower risk alternative to liver biopsy and may have implications for diagnosing cancer. These research findings appeared in the journal Radiology.
    The healthy liver is very soft compared to most other tissues and especially compared to a liver with cirrhosis, which is rock hard. The development by Dr. Ehman and his colleagues applies vibrations to the liver and then utilizes a modified form of MRI to obtain pictures of the mechanical waves passing through the organ. The imaging can be accomplished in as little as 20 seconds. The wave pictures are then processed to generate a quantitative image of tissue stiffness — called an elastogram.
    Researchers compared results of the process on 12 patients with biopsy-proven liver fibrosis with those of 12 healthy participants. This pilot trial of MRE showed strikingly elevated stiffness in patients with fibrosis and that the stiffness increased with the progression of the condition.

    Press release

    The New York Times has an interesting article about the latest research and possible therapeutic strategies in the treatment of stuttering: To Fight Stuttering, Doctors Look at the Brain.
    Mentioned in the article: SpeechEasy device for stuttering…

    lung flute The Lung Flute Cleared by FDA for Sputum InductionNeed some lung mucus for diagnostic purposes, but don’t want to inflame your patient’s bronchial tubes? Lucky for you Medical Acoustics, LLC’s Lung Flute, which is far less irritating when it comes to extracting that precious precious mucus, has just been cleared by the FDA

    This simple, hand-held, disposable device supplements the patient’s natural mucus clearing system by introducing low frequency sound waves into the lungs. The Lung Flute is a novel medical device which will play a significant roll in drug development for asthma, chronic bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia and lung cancer. Deep lung secretions can be obtained to determine drug efficacy and progression of treatment for pulmonary drugs. Currently, sputum induction using hypertonic saline is the standard method, a process that is expensive, time consuming, uncomfortable to the patient and often causes bronchial spasm and inflammation. As a result, sputum samples, using hypertonic saline, cannot be collected more frequently then every 48 hours. The Lung Flute addresses these challenges and will allow sputum samples to be collected every 20 minutes which is important when monitoring inflammatory markers during asthma attacks.

    More from the press release and Medical Associates

    helphand image 12321 The Helping Hand™ from Bang & Olufsen
    Bang & Olufsen Medicom has just announced that it has entered into an agreement with AstraZeneca AB to develop a “new patient monitor that measures patient compliance.”
    The company already has a product on the market that reminds patients to take their tablets: The Helping Hand™.

    Giving people a “Helping Hand™”
    The “Helping Hand™” is a unique product that reminds a patient when to take their medication/tablets. The aim behind the device is to motivate and guide the patient to aim for and maintain a high compliance rate with their prescribed medication. In addition the device can be used by physicians to help motivate their patients to continue taking their complete course of medication.
    Fully customisable
    The solution is based on blister cards and is fully customisable for clients branding requirements. The “Helping Hand™” can be scaled to fit a certain blister card size or programmed to meet a prescription schedule.
    Intelligent Reminders
    The unique software reminds the user to take the medication and helps the patient keep track of how well they have been taking their medication. The patient receives feedback via a visual signal (red, yellow or green.)
    Data upload applications
    The device is also being developed in several formats to assist a quick and easy data upload for physicians, patients and to support clinical trial evaluations.

    7654567hh The Helping Hand™ from Bang & Olufsen

    Bluetooth
    A bluetooth application exists in a working prototype, this device is particularly relevant for situations where real-time data upload is necessary (eg trials where intervention is necessary to put the patient back on track). Alternatively the device can work via a USB wire cable or via a wireless transponder solution.
    Discreet & User-Friendly
    The device is discreet and allows for portable storage and protects the tablet/pills in their blister pack.

    Product page
    (hat tip: MTB Europe)